Computerized systems are revolutionizing modern ships’ bridges and maritime operations. Central components in this are Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) which provide the maritime navigator with the ship’s position and displays it in electronic charts. The integrity of these systems if of great importance for the safety and security of maritime operations, but is a little studied topic. In this paper we investigate the integrity of navigation systems, though a survey of INS’s on the market (n=22), a survey of known cyber incidents and attacks targeting the integrity of navigation systems, and a discussion of cryptographical measures to ensure the integrity of navigation data in INS’s.

(Abstract taken from original document)